Discuss Some Of The Main Ideas Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sigmund Freud considered himself a scientist whose intention was to find a physiological and materialist basis for his theories of the psyche. Freud revolutionised the way in which we think about ourselves. From its beginnings as a theory of neurosis, Freud founded and developed psychoanalysis into a general psychology, which became widely accepted as the predominant mode of discussing personality, behaviour and interpersonal relationships. Freud, who had been studying neuropathology, left Vienna in 1885 to continue his studies in Paris under the guidance of Jean Martin Charcot. This proved to be the turning point in his career, for Charcot’s work with patients classified as â€Å"hysterics† introduced Freud to the possibility that psychological disorders might have their source in the mind rather than the brain. Charcot’s hypnotic experiments demonstrated the link between hysterical symptoms such as paralysis of a limb and hypnotic suggestions to cure the paralysis. Although Freud later abandoned his faith in hypnosis, hypnotic experiments taught Freud that mental processes that took place unconsciously could have a powerful effect on behaviour. It was Freud who drew our attention to the unconscious mind. If we liken the mind to an iceberg, the nine tenths below the surface is the unconscious in which there are many mental processes going on that we have little control of. Our conscious mind is above the surface; it is what we are fully aware of and contains our perception, thought and memory. Freud also spoke of the preconscious which might include material put out of our conscious mind but which may be retrievable. Freudian psychoanalytical theory states that there are three agencies of the human personality. Below the surface is our â€Å"id†, these are our social and biological instincts such as hunger, thirst and self-preservation. The id seeks outlet in the pleasure principal with no regard to reality. It is our awareness of the outside world, our memory, perception and learning. The â€Å"Ego† develops to harmonise the impulses of the id with the demands of reality. It is our awareness of the outside world, our memory, perception and learning. The â€Å"super ego† develops later in varying degrees. It is like a conscience and brings in values and morals from parents and society and enables us to feel guilt. Freud grouped together ego and sexual instincts calling ... ...iar to most of us today. Psychoanalysis is a term that Freud coined in 1896. As a therapist he used mental rather than physical means to achieve behavioural or attitudinal change. One of Freud’s greatest achievements was his capacity to stimulate the creativity of others and his ideas have been developed by his many followers. Where Freud was perhaps wrong was in making psychosexual development so central that all other forms of social and emotional development were conceived as being derived from it. However, despite repeated criticism and attempted refutations of Freud’s work, his ideas remained powerful well after his death and the general way in which psychoanalysis and other forms of psychotherapy are conducted is still based on Freud’s procedure, and remains one of his most enduring legacies. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Storr A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Freud†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oxford University Press Stevens R  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1994  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Freud and Psychoanalysis†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Open University Press

How to Write a Compare-Contrast Essay

How to Write a Compare-Contrast EssayThe Elements of a Compare-Contrast Essay What is comparison? Explaining the similarities or points of connection between two ideas, people, or things to give the reader a deeper understanding of eachWhat is contrasting? Explaining the differences or points of disconnection between two ideas, people, or things to give the reader a deeper understanding of eachAdapted from Webster’s Third New International DictionaryOn what subjects can I write a successful compare-contrast essay?Your subjects will need to each be significant in their own right to merit discussion. They will also need to have some sort of relationship to each other so that showing them side by side allows the reader to learn more about each. In other words, there must be a reason to compare them. Here are some reasons to compare and contrast. To consider two subjects side by side and show their distinctions. To choose between two things.To explain one subject in terms of anoth er.What are the types of compare-contrast essays?Writing Strategies for a Persuasive Essay1. Read the question or essay prompt. Identify your topics and be sure that you understand what each really is. You may need to do a little research to be clear on this. 2. Decide what your purpose for writing is (to show distinctions, to choose, to explain). 3. Develop a thesis statement. Remember that a thesis statement must be more than â€Å"X and Y have many differences and similarities.†Your thesis should reflect which purpose you chose. Example: â€Å"Examining the similarities and differences between the  work of Hemingway and Fitzgerald allows us to see how the contexts of their lives affected their work.† 4. Decide what your points of similarity (connection) and difference (disconnection) will be. 5. Research! Find relevant, credible publications, web sites, and individuals that offer evidence that supports your thesis and chosen points of connection and disconnection. 6. Write!The style in which compare-contrast essays are writtenCompare-contrast essays are similar to persuasive essays in a couple key ways:Point of view Level of personal voicePoint of View and Personal Voice in Persuasive Essays A compare-contrast essay is almost always formal academic essay in which the writer presents a thesis, or. In most formal academic writing, the proper point of view for the essay is third person (using the pronouns he, she, it, they). It is OK to use first person (I, me, we) in the conclusionINCORRECT: First Person I think that Fitzgerald and Hemingway share many similarities despite their very different use of descriptive language.CORRECT: Third Person Fitzgerald and Hemingway share many similarities despite their very different use of descriptive language.Evidence & Citations Compare-contrast essays rely on a lot of direct evidence from several sources. You will need to quote extensively to be successful.Why use quotes? 1. They demonstrate you read the available information closely. 2. They serve as concrete evidence to support your position 3. They demonstrate a deeper level of understanding, which is persuasive to readers.Where can evidence come from? What can I quote from? Books, films, newspaper articles, credible websites, newscasts, etc.What can’t I use? Wikipedia, encyclopedias, other student essays, interviews with non-experts, etc.How should I weave in quotes and evidence?The S-C-C-C FormatThis is a very useful format for citations if you are not very familiar with citations and need to practice a tried and true method. As writers become experienced with citations, they can move away from this format and mix elements up as they see fit.1. Set it up. Set up the context that the quote is from, so that the reader knows when and where the quote is from and who is doing the speaking/writing.2. Citation. Write the quote out, in quotation marks.3. Commentary: Explain how the quote supports your argument. (Commenting on t he quote.)4. Commentary: further commenting on the quoteEXAMPLE:According to a recent article in the Seattle Times,† †¦[t]he seemingly sure bet that higher education will pay off can be upended by any number of factors: broken marriages, illnesses, lost jobs, substandard schools and unrealized dreams.† (With no way out of trouble, more students likely to default, October 6, 2008). Students used to feel that borrowing for college was always going to pay off, no matter what happened. Now, many are finding it harder to pay it back due to many factors.The Embedded CitationThis is useful when you would prefer to pick out very small phrases to prove your points. Write your own sentence beginning, include the quote, and write your own sentence ending. The quote flows into and out of the sentence.EXAMPLE: Borrowing to pay for higher education used to be seen as a â€Å"sure bet† but now some students are finding that their plans to repay student loans can be disrupte d by â€Å"†¦ broken marriages, illnesses, lost jobs, substandard schools and unrealized dreams.† (With no way out of trouble, more students likely to default, October 6, 2008). These unexpected obstacles may repayment difficult if not impossibleHow to Write CommentaryOf all the skills students must learn in writing, writing commentary is considered the most difficult. Writing commentary means giving your own opinion and interpretation about something, which requires a higher level of thinking than most students are used to using. Using commentary makes an essay interesting to read and shows that you can analyze and evaluate information.When you write commentary, you are commenting on a point you have made with evidence.Synonyms for commentary:analysis – breaking an idea into its parts interpretation – reading between the lines of an idea insight – adding personal experience to the explanation of an idea evaluation – judging the quality or val idity of an idea explication/explanation – explaining what an idea means discussion – – explaining what an idea means speculation – trying to predict what will happen if an action is taken or an idea is acceptedSource: Jane Schaeffer Publications, Style Analysis (1998)The Basic Outline for a Compare-Contrast EssayExample of a Subject by Subject Essay Introduction Thesis statement: Despite the fact that television and radio are distinctly different media, they use similar strategies to appeal to their audiences.Television Audiences Point One: Techniques for appealing to men Point Two: Techniques for appealing to women Point Three: Techniques for appealing to childrenRadio Audiences Point One: Techniques for appealing to men Point Two: Techniques for appealing to women Point Three: Techniques for appealing to childrenConclusion: Restatement of thesis or review of key points. Source: Kirszner and Mandell (1998).Example of a Point by Point Essay Introduction Thesis statement: While both Republicans, presidential candidate Mr. X is definitely more conservative than presidential candidate Mr. Y is.Fiscal Policy Mr. X Mr. YGun Control Mr. X Mr. YAbortion Mr. X Mr. YWelfare Mr. X Mr. YConclusion: Restatement of thesis or review of key points.TransitionsThink of a transition as a bridge from one thought or idea to another. It shows how one sentence or idea relates to another and also directs the thinking to a new focus. A transition may be one word, a short phrase, a sentence or entire paragraph. The following list cites several transition words and phrases and their meaning.Meaning Transitions Along the same direction of thought and, also, besides, furthermore, in addition, for the same reason, whereupon, moreover, whereby, indeed, similarly, likewise, butContrast but, yet, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, although, whereas, on the contrary, not only, but alsoComparison in fact, indeed, moreover, than, as†¦as, so†¦as .Affirmative alternative or, anyhow, moreover, still, else, whereas, whether, either†¦or.Negative alternative nor, neither, however, instead, otherwise, on the contrary, nevertheless, except that, only, whereas, neither†¦nor. Cause, result, reason for, so, accordingly, as a result, hence, as, consequently, thereby, therefore, thus, that, so that, inasmuch as, in order that, since, whereas, why.Condition although, as if, as though, though, provided, providing, unless, if, lest, once.Example for example, in fact, indeed, for instance, namelyException although, in so far as, though, unless, while, notwithstanding, in fact that.Time henceforth, meanwhile, than, next, once, as long as, as soon as, before, once, since, until, when, whenever, while, at length, first†¦second†¦third, till.

Marketing Strategy Marketing Strategies - 1910 Words

5. Marketing Strategy The following marketing strategies will be used for Meet to create awareness and propagate the attractiveness of Meet to the world. 5. a) Advertisement/Promotion: It will be advertised via various online markets like Windows store, Apple store and Google Play Store. The number of downloads and rating in these pages prove to be significant in deciding trial decision. Additional advertisement may be done for major markets like China, India and US. 5. b) Launch on New Year: Tying the promotions up with the New Year can attract immense interest. Meet will have a baby cartoon character as its mascot (indicating the birth of a new fashionable and cool messenger), who speaks, pings and emotes a lot through stickers. The baby can later be made into a young teenager and stop ageing indicating the willingness of everyone to remain as a teenager when the entire world seems within reach and nothing seems impossible. 5. c) Tie up with Telcos: Tie up with telcos to promote the use of Meet will be done. The data packs can have freebies dedicated to Meet Messenger. The promotion of such packs with freebies dedicated to Meet Messenger will increase awareness and prompt customer trials making use of the attractiveness attached with the word â€Å"FREE†. Customers want to use up anything that they have for FREE with validity defined. 5. d) Promotion on applications by partners Gaming online has become a trend and promotions can be run before the start and after the end ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy1138 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1 Marketing in Today’s Economy Exercise 1.1 CarsDirect http://www.carsdirect.com 1. Explore the CarsDirect website, including pricing a vehicle of your choice. 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