Myocardial Infarction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Myocardial Infarction - Research Paper Example The area deprived of blood supply is said to have suffered ischemic injury. The ischemic injury, if severe enough to cause the complete block of oxygen and nutrients causes death of the heart tissue, which is termed as Myocardial Infarction (Guyton et al 200, Ganong 2005). Pathophysiology The blood vessels supplying the heart are called coronary arteries. There are three main coronary arteries which supply different areas of heart along with their branches. These are 1) Right coronary artery, 2) Left anterior descending artery, 3) Left circumflex artery. Above 90% cases of myocardial infarction occur as a result of coronary artery blockage, thus the disease is also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD). The most common and dangerous cause of coronary artery obstruction, and thus MI is Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing of arteries because of accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are basically thrombi composed of lipid foam cells (choleste rol) and different cell components including smooth muscle, macrophages and collagen fibres. In most instances, the ischemic myocardial infarction is precipitated by the phenomenon called acute plaque change. Acute plaque change results from the rupture of pre-existing thrombi that partially occlude the lumen. The rupture exposes the underlying thrombogenic endothelium. The plaques are also termed as vulnerable plaques as they contain lipids in high amounts, along with collagen fibres and inflammatory cells. When ruptured, the reactivity of these components causes the inflammatory destabilization and result in the infarction (Libby P 2001). The acute phase reactant, C reactive protein (CRP) is thus found to be high during the acute myocardial infarction (Blake et al 2003). The infarction can occur in either of the two patterns, complete occlusion of a single coronary artery referred to as transmural infarct, which results in complete ischemia of the area supplied by that particular coronary artery. Subendocardial infarcts on the other hand occlude the arteries incompletely, and thus allow some perfusion. But since subendocardium is the least perused area of the myocardium, it is more prone to ischemic death. The aim of reperfusion is to save the viable muscle from necrosis (Huber et al 1996). The myocardial injury is reversible for up to 30 minutes after the ischemic attack, thereafter the injury becomes irreversible. The entire muscle becomes necrotic within six hours, if the collateral arteries are not well developed (Robbins et al 2005, Mohan 2007). Etiology of Myocardial Infarction The development of atherosclerotic plaques and pathogenesis of the process into the myocardial infarction is a complex one. It is a chronic disease taking years to evolve before it causes any modifiable consequences. The evolvement is subtle and the resultant damage is severe. The pathogenesis of the disease involves several factors. The balance among these factors in the long r un determines the outcome of the condition. These factors can either be modifiable or non-modifiable. The modifiable factors are the ones that a person can control by bringing about certain changes. They include controlling the level of fats in diet, cessation of smoking, regular exercise and maintaining the blood pressure in the normal range (Manson et al 1996). The hyperlipidemias, i.e. elevated low density

A View From The Bridge Essay Example for Free

A View From The Bridge Essay The Play A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller is set in the 1950s in Brooklyn, America in a small cramped apartment, focusing the audiences attention on to the tension in this household. It is a tragedy about an Italian American man called Eddie Carbone. It is a story of self destruction that Miller suggests is inevitable when a strong man like Eddie defies the standards of what his culture holds to be right and wrong. Eddie and his wife Beatrice have brought up Beatrices niece Catherine. Catherine is now old enough to go out for work. Eddie is very protective over her and is reluctant to let her go out for work. When Beatrices cousins Rodolpho and Marco arrive as illegal immigrants, Catherine falls in love with Rodolpho. Eddie becomes jealous as Catherine moves further away from him but never admits it. Throughout the play Eddie tries to destroy Rodolpho and as a final desperate measure he betrays him and his brother to the authorities. In his community this is unforgivable. Marco is so mad that he finally kills Eddie before he is deported. The play ends with everyone losing something. I found it very difficult to decide who I felt most sympathy for in the play because ultimately, everyone lost something. Eddie dies a sad broken man. Beatrice weeps over the loss of her husband. Rodolpho and Catherine are sorry for Eddies death and Marco is deported and loses his goal of earning money to send home. Eddie is a strong, impulsive man. He acts by instinct and prejudice. He is convinced just by looking at Rodolpho that he is a homosexual and unfit to marry his niece, whom he is over protective of. This becomes clear in his conversation with Alfieri about Rodolpho. Eddie says, he aint right and he also says, Hes a blonde guy. Like platinum. Eddie thinks that Rodolpho is homosexual just because he has blonde hair. He suggests that Rodolpho is weak when he says, I mean if you close the paper fast you could blow him over, showing how he believes Rodolpho is not manly enough to marry his niece. In his mind he neither understands nor admits his true feeling towards Catherine. Alfieri confronts him about this, She wants to get married, Eddie. She cant marry you can she? Eddie is shocked by the suggestion and replies furiously, Whatre you talkin about, marry me! I dont know what the hell youre talkin about! He refuses to admit that his feeling for Catherine is more than fatherly. To him, Alfieris suggestion is absurd and unacceptable. In fact, he is only lying to himself and pushing himself one step closer to his own demise.

Looking At Theories Of Postmodernism Films Film Studies Essay

Looking At Theories Of Postmodernism Films Film Studies Essay Post-modern film is a term that is used to describe the portrayal of the post-modernist ideas through the medium of cinema. Post-modernism itself can be described as essentially a movement away from the modernist ideas through the use of the universal cultural narrative, the meta- narrative and the notion of the objective truth, and post-modern film only different to post-modern literature in the way that it portrays these themes, it instead displays the aesthetic features that are characteristically associated with post modern cultural practice. Such films like Synecdoche, New York and Inception are seen to exemplify post-modern themes or to offer images of post-modern society. Post-modern film is a self-conscious movement, that is to say that it is a movement that is aware of its limitations through its selected media of cinema, however in saying that post-modernism also attempts to break through this fourth wall as once one becomes aware of their own limitations; only then can they attempt to reach beyond them. As a result, many of the post-modern films become very complex and deep, with many strong themes and motifs running through them. It is for this reason that I consider Charlie Kaufmans work, Synecdoche, New York to be a very compelling asset to the post- modern film genre. Synecdoche, New York plays with the mainstream conventions of modern cinema and instead relies on its subdued logic as its real means of expressing its themes. As an artist, and a man, the main character; Caden (played by Philip Seymour Hoffman), is on what seems at times a never ending search for meaning, but this search keeps him is a suspension between that world of the play and reality and the line between the two becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish. With such a strong refernce to this theme throughout the film, it is hard to ignore the striking similarity between this theme of inability to tell reality from fantasy, and the post-modernist philosophy of hyper reality. Hyper reality is in fact considered to be the post-modern term that describes this inability of the brain to distinguish between authenticity and fantasy. What hyper reality actually shows us how we may confuse what is real in a world that is consumed with how media can alter our perception or experience of an event. Kaufmann achieves this in the film by burying Caden in his masterpiece that is this play, and blurs the line between the reality of the deterioratin g outside world, and the world that is contained n the ever expanding warehouse. Caden even goes as far as to hire doppelgangers as his cast and crew. This complicates the distinction between reality and fantasy as the audience begins to question who is who, for example, the character of Sammy Barnathan is hired by Caden to play Caden, and Sammys look-alike is cast to play Sammy. As a result of this hyper reality that is found throughout the film, Caden is sent on a constant course of self- realization, but not on what seems a regular and conventional method of self- realization within cinema, or for that matter a cultural sense either. Instead Caden only learns of his true personality and becomes more conscious of himself when he hires Sammy to play the character of Caden in the play. This is mainly noted through Cadens revival of his relationship with the character of Hazel as this re-kindling was only triggered by Sammys, while playing the character of Caden, own interest in Hazel. Cadens journey of self realization is progressed further when he replaces himself with Ellen as he becomes more aware of his female counterpart. Cadens ultimate moment of self realization seems to come at the very end of the film, as when the scene fades to white Caden finally reveals that he knows how to do the play but only when the directors voice that is in his ear gives him his final stage direction; Die- ending a long story of attempting to fulfil his life and end to his depressing physical ailments and inevitable bodily deterioration that seem to be constantly reminded to him by the doctors. This can often be seen as one of the most interesting aspects about the film is; that the film is actually a play within a play it is a performance within a performance, and it is strongly related to William Shakespeares quote; All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women are merely players., for example we can see this when Caden populates the cast and crew of his play with doppelgangers- they are merely only players, to be used. This is one of the key points in the film, as the films central concept is that Caden is attempting to re-create his entire existence through the direction of this play on the massive city sized stage. What is even more interesting about Cadens play, is that it is never performed for the public- instead the actors that make up th e cast of the play are the public themselves- reinforcing Shakespeares concept. This raises various themes for the audience to consider, for example the film first tells the audience that our life is merely a performance and we are merely acting out what we are told to do, and just like Caden relinquishes to accepting his destiny that is death, we too must accept ours. Synecdoche, New York essentially goes beyond its medium limitations and makes its audience question their own worth and how much power they have over controlling their lives. Synecdoche, New York is one of many post-modern films that avails of its ability to engage in the audience in such a unique way. Film is a powerful medium that has a very strong influence in our post-modern society. We can see similarities of the post-modern genre within; Christopher Nolans film Inception. Inception has been an extraordinary popular film for the short amount if time since it was first screened in 2010. Since then it has received an enormous amount of positive response, both in the critical sense and with the public, and has many reasons for doing so. Inception is, without a doubt one a film that must be viewed a number of times in order to fully understand its dense philosophy embedded within both the action and the ambiguity of the film itself. Inception leaves the audience unsure of what they saw and, if even just for a moment, makes them also question their own reality. In a sense Inceptions overall mood is that it is questioning our reality and worth. In fact Inception goes one step further and challenges the capitalist culture that we live in, almost to an anti-capitalist point. Boggs and Pollard state that Media culture embraces constituent elements of the liberal-capitali st order (2001. pg 171) as Inception is a film that based around the destruction of a monopoly. It would be fair to say that the entire concept of the film is based on the idea of disillusion, but what Inception shows us is that the power of disillusion is not tied down to the plot of the film, but also extends out to the form of the film, and in turn extends to the audience and a reflection of the post-modern society that we live in. For example, Inception plays with the form of the film and realises that film itself is a sort if disillusion, just like Synecdoche, New York, Inception engages with the audience with reference to hyper reality, however it does this in a very different way. Instead of immersing the audience into hyper reality, Inception instead brings the idea of hyper reality to the audiences attention so that they become aware of it. For example as the audience engross themselves in the film any emotions that we feel during a film; such as joy, sadness or fear, leaves us when the lights come back on in the cinema and return to reality, however Inception lures th e audience in with the stark resemblance to reality, but at every possible moment the film also reminds the audience that the characters are in a dream and that whatever is happening to them is not actually happening to them, and this in turn reminds the audience that none of this is really happening for them either, making the audience aware that none of the emotions that they are feeling or the event that they are witnessing are real. We can also relate this to Inceptions overall idea that our whole life and the world that we live in is nothing but an illusion, and we live in a world globalization- where vast businesses are taking over the cultural world. In short, Inception is a post modern sublime and that it breaks the fourth wall and makes us question whether our life is real and all else is an illusion, or that everything else is real and our life is an illusion. It is a film that connects aesthetics with context. Again what makes Inception a post modern sublime, as it did with Synecdoche, New York is its self awareness and knowledge of the limitations and quirks of its medium- and the power that a film can portray that a book can not achieve. Inception takes place in a labyrinth of dreams within dreams and that simply cannot be described in literature, but the real theme that the film seems to raise is that maybe the entire film is a dream, so that what we cannot distinguish when the characters are in reality or in a dream; again something that cannot be achieved by mere literature. Also it is never discussed how dream extraction was invented in the film, it seems to just exist, in this sense the film is entirely ambiguous and m aybe it is all just a dream, having no real beginning, as the film opens in a dream extraction with almost no background to who the people in the shots are, or doesnt seem to have a real end either, making the audience wonder whether the entire film is a dream. The film brings the notions of hyper reality to the audiences attention, and then the film begins to place the idea that maybe the lives of the audience are insignificant and dreamlike. It is interesting that the name of the film is Inception, and the film itself is planting ideas into the audiences mind. The ending scene is probably the most important scene, as the spinning top spins, and it does so for what seems quite an extraordinary amount of time, it with no doubt wobbles at the end but is cut off in the final shot so that we will never figure out whether he is living in reality anymore or a dream. If it is dream it is extraordinary elaborate dream, but even if it isnt a dream the idea that such an elaborate dream could possibly exist leaves us questioning that maybe we are dreaming our entire lives. According to Stuart Hall the post-modern subject, . . . is conceptualized as having no fixed, essential or permanent identity' (2000. pg 277). As a result what we are left with is the idea of subjective truth. That is to say that the film is completely subjective to the individual watching the film, and they must come to their own conclusion and truth about the film. This is what make post-modern cinema such a phenomenon, as it speaks to each individual on such a high level and raises personal concerns with both themselves and the world that we live in, which is one of the aims of the post-modern film genre. However we must be careful in the progression of the post-modern film genre as it may become a new contemporary way to produce a film and just another way for filmmakers to explore and develop their characters and plots, almost defeating the purpose of the post-modern genre itself.

How does H. G. Wells make the dystopia of the Time machine credible? :: English Literature

How does H. G. Wells make the dystopia of the Time machine credible? THE TIME MACHINE ================ How does H. G. Wells make the dystopia of the Time machine credible? The future is a vast ignorance - so they say. But is it really? In The Time Machine Wells points out that it is possible to travel through time by bringing up the idea of the existence of the forth dimension, which according to Wells is time. Many of us picture the future as a utopia - an ideal dream world. I for one imagined it as a utopia. Wells presents to us the `clearer picture`. Initially, it seems like a utopia. But there is a note of pessimism to show how Wells imagines the future might be, therefore, presenting it as a dystopia to the audience as well as the reader - a warning to all of us. Of course Wells doesn't keep it simple. He makes sure he captures the reader's attention by the way he uses his language. But is this necessary? Does Wells really have to do this? Firstly, if he doesn't capture the reader 's attention then they won't be able to get the message. He does this to sweeten the pill. To make it easier for us to take in otherwise it will be of no use. He makes it plausible by using sensory detail. For example when the Time Traveller is time travelling he describes it as a "nightmare sensation of falling", he goes further by saying that he felt a "dumb confusedness" which might have been because things were happening too fast. Furthermore, he described it by saying that "the twinkling succession of darkness and light was excessively painful to the eye" and also the fact that he felt "faint and hazy". "My arms ached, my back was cramped, and I was trembling with the prolonged terror of a fall". All this detailed emotive language allows us to experience what the traveller does and so makes the events more believable. By using particular similes, Wells tries to make the future familiar. Imagine if he hadn't used similes then we would not know exactly what he was talking about. For example, "night came like the turning out of a lamp. You know when you turn out a lamp it happens so quickly so we as the reader or even the Time Traveller's audience know exactly what he is talking about when he describes it in such a way. It breaks down the message into smaller pieces, therefore, making it easier to understand. As the Time Traveller travelled through time, day and night passed so

Expansion In The Supermarket Commerce Essay

As we know that enlargement in the supermarket and now it is besides diversified in the Fieldss like communicating, insurance, fiscal services. Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the company in order to increase its public presentation in the market. Introduction: Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the company in order to increase its public presentation in the market. In the supermarket and now it is besides diversified in the Fieldss like communicating, insurance, fiscal services. Talking about Tesco it is presently the UK ‘s most successful supermarket with a UK market portion in surplus of 30 % and one-year net incomes of some ?2bn. It is the universe ‘s 4th largest retail merchant. Although after the debut in the US markets Tesco was the one of the most sensible retail merchants for the clients but it have to confront the critics of some of the analyst who was analyzing the consequence of debut of Tesco into the retail market of US. It was said by some of the analyst that if Tesco effort to come in in the American market it has been a failure that the company should retreat. One of the known analysts named Piper Jaffray has estimated the cost for the company which will be the set uping cost if the Tesco will retreat from the US markets which would be near about one billion lbs. The company ‘s environmental claims have come un der analysis, along with its belongings scheme, its non-unionisation policy in a comparatively strongly nonionized sector of concern and its refusal to subscribe a community benefits understanding. Community benefits understandings are used by shops in the USA to derive client trueness. Tesco, in bend, has countered these unfavorable judgments. Jack Cohen ‘s concern slogan was â€Å" pile it high and sell it inexpensive † , although this was rapidly replaced with the stating â€Å" You Ca n't Do Business Siting On Your Buttocks † . He was known to administer points bearing the acronym to his gross revenues force. Talking about the history of this company who has strong clasp In the UK markets was started in 1919. This was the started by Jack Cohen who started his concern calling by selling the food markets from the streets of London. Tesco is the name that was billed by the names of provider the individual who brought the cargo of tea his name was T.E Stock good and the label was made by utilizing the initial of his name and by adding the name of the proprietor Jack Cohen and they gave this house a name called Tesco that is a shop now sits in the sites. When Tesco stepped in to twenty-first century it was the most effectual period for the company to turn and supply its excellence services to the clients as in 2001 they had started the online shopping for the food markets as after achieving more that one-fourth interest in the food market works and it was good feedback from the clients. In the period of 2002 they made the major alterations to the shops in UK as they have purchased more than 80 0 T & A ; S shop in one spell. They have besides shown some of the biggest influence in the Polish market when they purchased more than ten biggest hypermarkets in Poland. The twelvemonth 2003 can be called the technological twelvemonth for this company as they have entered in to the telecommunication universe consisting nomadic and place phone services, to complement its bing Internet service supplier concern. In 2004 Tesco was the other company to launch broadband services but unluckily the program for Tesco in Thailand for making and running the hypermarkets in the coaction with Charoen Pokphand Group was non really successful as confronting the heavy unfavorable judgment in the market the Charoen Pokphand Group sold their interest. In the twelvemonth 2005 when there was the breakage of contract between Safeway and BP so Tesco bought some of the shop to increase its market In 2007 Tesco was placed under probe by the UK Office of Fair Trading ( OFT ) for moving as portion of a tru st of five supermarkets ( Safeway, Tesco, Asda, Morrisons and Sainsbury ) and a figure of dairy companies to repair the monetary value of milk, butter and cheese. They were reportedly paid i5 million ( US $ 10 million ) . In April 2009, Tesco announced that it had created a ace tomato that â€Å" does n't leak † . The tomato is grown in Holland and is meant to be a better tomato for sandwiches since, being less juicy, they will non do sandwiches every bit boggy as regular tomatoes do. 2 Strategic Decisions for the company Before stating the strategic determination, plans or aims for the company foremost of all we have to understand â€Å" what are the thing that can be covered under these determinations? † In the simple words we can state that it is the systematic and the analytic attack which review the concern as a whole in relation to the environment and which can be said into two different footings To develop an integrated, co-ordinate and consistent position of the path the company wishes to follow To ease the version of the organisation to environmental alteration. They together describe the construct of the house ‘s concern which specifies the sum of growing, the country of growing, the way of growing, the taking strengths, and the profitable marks. In add-on they are stated operationally in a signifier useable for steering direction determinations and actions. It is concerned with the preparation of the schemes within the model of company policies. It involves the procedure of strategic direction that will take through assorted operational and undertaking programs for the accomplishment of the aims ( Michael Armstrong, 1990 ) . Now speaking about the company which is tesco the basic attack they use for the preparation and completion of the aim and ends is the IBM attack in this attack the company will demo the type of concern they are making and they will show the sense of concern the endeavor is in and the way in which they are traveling. For doing it simple for the client to understand what they want to accomplish is some clip shown by the aid of graph and pie charts or the waggon wheels. Before utilizing this attack they have to maintain in head some of the basic characteristics or demands for the theoretical account. Operational Plans Undertaking Plans Recourse Plans Corporate Management Strategic Management Aims Valuess Policies Mission Feedback Actions Budgets So this is the chief flow of program which should be followed while utilizing IBM attack. Now in the instance of tesco they have followed the same form but in the different format. So now we should look at the different strategic determination or programs for the tesco. There are three type of the schemes that the tesco following in order to accomplish their ends and aims as they are typed below: Cost leading: One of the schemes that are used by Tesco for accomplishing their ends in a simple and easy manner id the cost leading as we can place from the word cost that they are taking about the monetary value thing as they have the scheme to supply their client with the lower monetary values from any other company. The ability for cut downing the cost for client or to take down the monetary values they control their operating costs in such a manner that they are easy able to take down the monetary values as in compared to others which help them to bring forth the high net incomes and therefore assisting them in the important manner. Scheme of distinction: Now this is the scheme that will distinguish the offer and the services that they have to offer to the clients and the featured clients. On the footing of this scheme they can make their trade name vicinity for the clients that they have to offer in footings of publicities, engineering, heath merchandises, bakeshop, etc. Customer service is popular attacks to distinction. Focused market. In prosecuting a cost leading scheme Tesco focuses on the creative activity of internal efficiencies that will assist them defy external force per unit areas. As we have seen that how tesco take attention of their client by utilizing the assorted schemes for the clients and which makes us to believe that tesco will be in the regular connexion with the operational governments and the other in the same sectors such as purchasers. While seeing to these schemes we can state that the schemes of cost leading and market distinction are aimed at the wide market and by utilizing these schemes they can settle their merchandises to any markets ( thrower, 1980 ) . Or we can state in other words that they pursue a scheme of cost leading or distinction either in a specific market or with specific merchandises. The danger some administration face is that they try to make all three and go what is known as stuck in the center. In instance of Tesco it is non appropriate, as they do hold a clear concern scheme with a clearly defined market section. Swot Analysis Strengths Raising market part: One of the strengths of the Tesco is the big size in the retail market which covers about the 13 per centum of the entire value. Just because of it versatility in every field it will be continuously turning in the UK market and part will besides be increased non in merely in nutrient sector but besides in non nutrient. Tesco ‘s general growing and ROI show no mark of slaking: One of the other strength of the Tesco is big investing in the West midlands departmental shops name called T and S Group which was considered the one of the monolithic measure taken by the company for the vicinity markets. In add-on in this twelvemonth Tesco became the UK ‘s 2nd largest convenience concatenation as compared to the co-operative shops and they besides opened more than 5o new shops this twelvemonth. If we take a expression towards the international concern portion of Tesco so we can see that it is continuously turning and the anticipation made by the board of the company that it will lend about one one-fourth of its net income in following consecutive five old ages. Now it is so much grown that it entire gross comes to 23 per centum of the entire group net incomes. And in terminal if we talk about the regional or geographical strength that is immense and will continues to turn. Insurance: In the twelvemonth 2003 Tesco reached the new stat mi rock of finishing the one million clients under the insurance subdivision by selling the motor insurance policies which made Tesco one of the fastest service supplier and marketer for the motor insurance. One of the characteristics that Tesco provides a simple characteristic to their club card holders that they can buy the vacations or travel insurance really easy at the sections. In the field of life insurance it gained award for most competitory life insurance supplier in the money facts awards 2003 and got the good response of the clients. It besides sells more than 330,000 pets insurance for the Canis familiariss and cats. Tesco online: One of biggest and the most convenient characteristic that Tesco provides is the on-line shopping. Tesco web site is the universe ‘s one of the biggest online shopping site. In this online shopping that about had a sale of over 550 million lbs which shows the addition in the company of more that 27 per centum in the last twelvemonth stats. We can run this site in more than 250 shops around the UK and have the client count of over one million to whom they provide on-line service. This company is besides demoing the strong development in its gross watercourse. UK market leading reinforced: If we take into consideration the size and the competition of Tesco to their rivals in this graduated table Tesco is really huge and immense in the service supplying. As they got the figure one ranking the twelvemonth 1996 for the best markets every bit merely because they have the multi format programs to follow which make them successful to accomplish the ends easy. And in the study by the competition committee as they have said that it is really hard for any company in the retail markets to vie with Tesco as if we see UK their gross revenues are 71 per centum larger than any company. And if it will turn at this rate so it will convey down the Wal- marketplaces opportunities of being the largest marketer in UK. Failings Reliance upon the UK market: As this the one of the best and the biggest company in the UK markets but it is really limited in the most of the UK markets. Although it s turning internationally but their chief stairss are based in the UK market will is the most important failing of the company. As we know that they are lifting twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours but we have to see the competition in the market as it was in the studies that in the supermarket industry over the period of one twelvemonth Morrison group will purchase the Safeway group will be the affecting for the market sharing for the company. Debt decrease: One of the other failing for the Tesco Idaho of high pitching ratio for the company as their Debs Ate increasing at really high rate and they are n ready to cut down that as because they had used all the money in the immense investing for the increasing the assets for the company and in the meeting with the pull offing manager he said that there is small program to return the debts as batch of money is being used in the other sectors. Signs point to consecutive acquisitions: One the company assets and the operation we have seen that this company is tremendously large in every province but to make fulling up the spread they have to sued the certain methods or programs that can assist them to accomplish the things easy. Thays why they have used the fill the spread scheme and has been the instance with the UK convenience market, there is the danger of Tesco going a consecutive acquirer, as this tends to cut down net incomes visibleness and quality. Opportunities Health and beauty: Opportunities are the things that are good for any company to turn as we have seen in the instance of Tesco that it have increased its market in the wellness and beauty merchandises from rather a piece and became the taking retail merchant in the field of wellness and beauty. As the secondary things they have one of the best toilet articless and health care and they have progressively become the figure marketer of baby goods. They have invested in the wellness and beauty about 27 million entirely in the market the money in the immense investing for the increasing the assets for the company and in the meeting with the pull offing manager he said that there is small program to return the debts as batch of money is being used in the other sectors. Further international growing: Tesco has shaped a strategic association with US supermarket, Safeway Inc, to take the tesco.com place shopping theoretical account to the US. Telecommunications are the latest phase in its scheme to develop popular retail services. It has repeated its attack in banking, by capitalising on its trade name. In 2004 the company plans to come in the Chinese market, as China is one of the largest economic systems in the universe with enormous prognosis growing and will show many chances for Tesco. Menaces UK structural alteration could trip a monetary value war: Menaces are the more likely to be in the big concern as they have more things to worry approximately as per the little things can do large harm to them. As now the biggest menace to the concern is the monetary value for the clients and as in UK the clients are more aggressive for the monetary values merely because in the competition the companies are cut downing their monetary values and in the instance of Morrison they are diminishing the monetary values by 6 per centum on every point as in comparison to Tesco. For these things they have to be committed to monetary value alterations in approaching hereafter. Overseas returns could fall: In the instance of the UK it is developed and they have nil in comparison able to the others but it will non be the good for the company to travel to the other state and put up the concern as they are certain factors that they have to see while puting up. They have to look at the economical, political, societal factors and rival ‘s status. So that they are ready to take the effects if we take the illustration of China and Japan they are have wholly different conditions. Talking about the challenges faced by the company here we can take the illustration of Tesco ‘s experience in the in-between land like in the state like China and the center of the Asia. As they all are saturated markets and all these are maximum the developed states and they have the maximal competition and really less chance so the Tesco is believing about the most effectual and the simplest schemes so that they can construct up at that place. Ut we have to see the assorted factors which have to be keep in head like the economic, political, societal and environmental issues. Decision So here in this paper after speaking about the one of the biggest group in the retail markets we merely came to decision that it is working really good from every facet as there are many Fieldss where we have seen that Tesco was new but utilizing their most simple and easy schemes they made them self a really immense and big industry and have reached to the success in one twelvemonth clip that is so impressive. The manner they trade name their merchandises and the manner they provide the client service to their client ‘s is beyond the thought. It had fostered powerful individualities by doing their retailing construct into a virus and disbursement it out into the civilization via a assortment of channels: cultural sponsorship, political contention, and consumer ‘s experience and trade name extensions. So here we did the grind analysis of the company which give us the fact that there are many planetary and internal factors that rhenium associated with the companies ‘ public presentation. In last 30 old ages sentiment of the market has altered from a merchandise and client way to strategic class. Here we are we are sing the vision of the Tesco and the ways Tesco comes up with the taking rival in the market for the remainder of companies. Here we will be discoursing the assorted stairss and schemes, policies, theoretical accounts used by the company in order to increase its public presentation in the market.

How to Register for the PSAT 3 Simple Steps

How to Register for the PSAT 3 Simple Steps SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Every autumn, sophomores and juniors have the opportunity to take the PSAT. But how exactly does the PSAT registration process work? Does everyone have the same PSAT sign up date? What does it cost to take the PSAT? Here, we'll teach you everything you need to know about PSAT registration. We'll start with a brief overview of how registration works and then go over the three key steps you need to take in order to register for the PSAT. We'll also touch on how to register if you’re homeschooled or living outside the US before finishing with our toptips for ensuring a smoothPSAT registration process. PSAT Registration: Overview Unlike the SAT, for which you register online through the College Board, you will register for the PSAT through your own high school. Exactly how the PSAT sign up process works will depend on yourschool. Basically, though,here's how it works: schools inform their students when the PSAT registration deadline is, and then give instructions on how to register and pay for the test. The PSAT is offered three times a year in the autumn on a primary date, Saturday date, and alternate date. Your school will select the date on which it will administer the PSAT. Most schools choose the primary date, but some might insteadadminister the PSAT on one of the two alternate dates should the primary date not workwell with the school’s schedule. Here is the 2019 PSAT testing schedule, confirmed by the College Board. For information on future PSAT test dates, refer to our guide. Primary Date Saturday Date Alternate Date Wednesday, October 16, 2019 Saturday, October 19, 2019 Wednesday, October 30, 2019 Many schools will require you to register for the PSAT around September. Unfortunately, not all schools administer the PSAT.If your high school isn't going to offerthe PSAT, you may take the test atanother nearby school that is offeringit. Next, we'll walk through the PSAT registration process and look athow to search for high schools offering the PSAT in case your school doesn't plan toadminister it. How to Register for the PSAT: 3-Step Guide Here, we go over the three steps required to register for the PSAT at your (or a nearby) school. Step 1: Determine Whether Your School Will Offer the PSAT First, you must determine whether your high school will actually administer the PSAT. The easiest way to check this is to use the College Board'sschool search tool,whichlooks like this: With this tool, all you have to do is type in the name of your school and its city, state (if applicable), zip code, and country. Once you click "Search," you'll getan entry with the name and address of your school as well as its assessment and test date. On the drop-downmenu, click "PSAT/NMSQT Fall 2019." (If fall 2019 dates aren't available yet, click "Fall 2018" to see whether your school offered the PSAT last year.) Here’s an example of a school in Houstonthat offered the 2016 PSAT on that year's primary date: If you know for sure your school will not be offering the PSAT or if you’re a homeschooled student, you can instead search for your city, state, and zip code to see which schools around you will be offering the PSAT.This type of search can help narrow down your options, ultimately allowing youto select the school that's most convenient for you. Alternatively, if you don't want to use this search tool, you can ask your counselor whether your school will be offering the PSAT or whether they know of any nearby schools that plan to offer it. Step 2: Find Out Your PSAT Registration Deadline and Test Date Most high schools opt forthe primary test date, which is always a weekday in early or mid-October.However,some schools might choose the Saturday PSAT date or the alternate test date instead to accommodate special schedules or religious observances. To find out when your school will be administering the PSAT, consult your counselor or look at the 2019 PSATadministration date for your school using theschool search tool. Here’s an example of two schools in the same city with different administration dates. One school administered the 2016 PSAT on the primary test date, whereas the other administered the test on the Saturday date: Your school should inform you prior to the PSAT test dates when the examwill take place. If you haven’t heard anything by early or mid-September, talk to yourcounselor. Step 3: Sign Up and Pay for the PSAT Your next step is to register for the PSAT. Simple, right? Here's the kicker, though: PSAT sign up methods vary by school.So while some schools might require you to registerand pay for the test in person, others might require you to go online and register through a website. (You'llnever register for the PSAT through the College Board.) For example, in 2016,this high schoolrequired students to register for the PSAT online and pay for it later in person, whilethis school requires students to register and pay for the PSAT all in person. Whatever the case, your school should offer clear instructions on how to completeyourPSAT sign up.Schools typically hand out or email PSAT registration information to students inthe early fall. If you're planning to take the PSAT at a different school, you'll need to call thatschool or contact one of itscounselors to inquire about the PSAT registration process and see whether the process differs for students who do not attend that school. When registering for the PSAT, you’ll typically provide basic identifying information, including your full name, home address, phone number, email address, grade level, and student ID number (if applicable). The PSAT costs $16 per student,butsome schools might cover all or part of this fee. Likewise, some schools might charge more than $16 in order to compensate for the use of proctors and test administrators. Either way, your school should tell you how much you'll need to pay for the PSAT and how to submit your payment. Most schools accept cash or checks, but what is considered an acceptable form of payment will vary depending on the school. Checks will most likely be addressedto your school (never to the College Board). Finally,if you're alow-income junior, you might qualify for a PSAT fee waiver. To confirmyour eligibility, talk withyour counselor. Only schools- not students!- maycontact the College Board to request fee waivers. If you have any questions or concerns about PSAT registration or paying for the PSAT, it's best to consult your counselor directly. And there you have it: everything you need to know and do in order to register for the PSAT! Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? Check out our best-in-class online PSAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your PSAT score by 150 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions and two official PSAT practice tests. Check out our 5-day free trial: How to Register for the PSAT If You’re Homeschooled If you’re homeschooled, you can still register for the PSAT- you just need to find a school that administers it.Here are the steps to follow: Step 1: Get in Touch With a Local High School Use theCollege Board’s high school search tooltolook for schools offering the PSAT or to confirm that the high school you want to test at will be administeringthe PSAT. The College Board recommends reaching out to schoolsfour months beforethe testtoensure you'll have ample time to work out registration logistics and solidify your test-taking plans. Step 2: Request a Copy of the Official Student Guide From the School This free guide will tell you everything you need to know about the PSAT and even comeswith a full-length practice test. You can alsodownload the PSAT guide from the College Board website. Step 3: Determine Whether You Qualify for a Fee Waiver Generally, those who qualify for PSAT fee waivers are low-income th graders. I suggest reviewing the eligibility requirements and then consulting a counselor at your selected school to determine whether you're eligible. Note that homeschooled students may not request fee waivers directly from the College Board. How to Register for the PSAT If You’re Living Outside the US You don’t need to be a current resident of the US or even a US citizen to take the PSAT. Unfortunately, non-US citizens and non-permanent residents are not eligible for National Merit scholarships, so there's not much incentive for international students to take the exam outside the US. On the other hand, if you're a US citizen (in the th grade or equivalent) who is currently living abroad, you are eligible for National Merit consideration. Here's how you can register for the PSAT abroad: Step 1: Contact a Local School That Offers the PSAT If you’re not sure which schools are offering the PSAT, use the College Board’s school search tool to look for schools. Make sure you start this process early- you should ideally reach out to schools in your area at least four months before the primary PSAT test date. Step 2: Contact an English-Speaking Educator This educator should guide you through the PSATregistration process and help you pay for the exam at your selected school. Step 3: Request a Copy of the Official Student Guide From the School Your school should give you a copy of this guide once you’ve registered for the PSAT. This free test guide contains a full-length practice PSAT in addition to tons of information on what the PSAT is and what kinds of skills it tests. Alternatively, you can download it from the College Board website. How to Request PSAT Accommodations for a Disability Students who have documented disabilities may request special accommodations for the PSAT. Examples of accommodations include braille booklets, large-type test booklets, additional time, and extended breaks. To request an accommodation, ask your school counselor to submit an official request to the College Board Services for Students with Disabilities on your behalf. The process usually takes about seven weeks,so be sure to start early. If you're given any accommodations for your disability withouthaving received prior approval from the College Board, your PSAT scores will be canceled. So don’t dawdle- talk to your counselor as early as possible to secure theaccommodations you need for test day! 5 Tips for Ensuring a Smooth PSAT Registration Process Before you register for the PSAT, follow our five tips below to ensure asmooth and error-free registration process. #1: Start the Process Early Unless your counselor has confirmed your school's PSAT intentions, you can't just assume your school will be offering the PSAT. This is why I suggest starting the PSAT process early, ideally at the end of your sophomore year. During this time, ask your counselor whether your school will be administering the PSAT and when. If you know that your school won’t be offering the PSAT (or if you are homeschooled), start looking for schools in your area that will be offering it, and get in touch with them as soon as possible. Remember, it's necessary to give yourself plenty of time to contact schools, especially if you'll be asking about fee waivers or requesting special accommodations for a disability. #2: Keep Your October Schedule Open Usually, all PSAT dates are scheduled for October, so you'll want to keep your October schedule fairly empty in order to accommodate the PSAT- particularly if your school hasn't yet announced the exact date on which it will administer the test. To avoid conflict, don't schedule dentist or orthodontist appointments on Wednesday mornings, and don't plan any weekend getaways in case your school chooses the Saturday test date. #3: Ask About Fee Waivers Many students fail to realize they qualify for a PSAT fee waiver, which is why we suggest talking to your counselor early in the PSAT registration process about discounts for low-income th graders. Note that PSAT fee waivers apply to all sorts of students, including homeschooled students, US citizens testing outside the US, and non-US citizens testing in the US. There is a caveat, though: fee waivers only cover the actual cost of the exam ($16) and not any additional fees that might be required by the school. So even with a fee waiver, you might still have to pay a nominal fee in order to take the PSAT. As always, check with your school for details. #4: Decide Whether You’ll Take the PSAT as a Sophomore Most students take the PSAT as juniors, but some choose totake the PSAT as sophomores toget afeel for the format of the test and what you’ll be expected to know. The downside?Sophomores are not eligible for National Merit scholarships, which target high-scoring juniors only, so there is no monetary benefit to taking the PSAT as a sophomore. Despite this con, taking the PSAT early can help familiarize you with ;the structure and content of the exam, ultimately increasing your chance of qualifying for National Merit as a junior. So if you truly want to give yourself your best shot at qualifying for National Merit in the future, go ahead and register for the PSAT as a sophomore! #5: Consult Your Counselor for Questions Last but not least, always consult your school counselor if you have any questions about the PSAT, such as when the test is, how to submit your payment, and how to request fee waivers and special accommodations. Ultimately, when it comes to your school, your counselor will be the most reliable PSAT resource available! Recap: How PSAT Registration Works All students register for the PSAT through their high schools or through a local school should their own school not administer the exam. Each school conducts its own PSAT registration process and will explain to students when the test is and how students can sign up and pay for it. Fee waivers are usually available to low-income th graders. If you are homeschooled or do not currently reside in the US, you can still take the PSAT. To register, contact a local high school that’s administering the PSAT and ask whether you can take it there. If you need special accommodations for a disability, you can request these ahead of time through your counselor. Finally, don't forget these five essential tips guaranteed to help your ;PSAT registration proceed as smoothly as possible: Start early and confirm that your school actually offers the PSAT Keep your fall schedule, especially October, relatively empty to account for all PSAT test dates Ask your counselor about fee waivers and see whether you’re eligible for one Decide whether you’d be interested in taking the PSAT as a sophomore Direct any PSAT-related questions to your counselor What’s Next? Need a rundown of the PSAT before you register for it? Check out our in-depth PSAT guide to learn what the test is, how it's scored, and what kinds of skills you'll need to master to achieve a great PSAT score on test day. Want to learn about PSAT scoring? Our complete guide explains everything you need to know about PSAT score distribution, percentiles, and cutoff scores for National Merit consideration. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Bloody Sunday and the Fight for Voting Rights in Selma

Bloody Sunday and the Fight for Voting Rights in Selma On March 7, 1965- the day now known as Bloody Sunday- a group of civil rights activists were brutally attacked by members of law enforcement during a peaceful march across Edmund Pettus Bridge. The activists were attempting to walk 50 miles from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama, to protest voter suppression of African Americans. During the march, local police officers and state troopers beat them with billy clubs and threw tear gas into the crowd. The attack against these peaceful demonstrators- a group that included men, women, and children- sparked outrage and mass protests throughout the United States. Fast Facts: Bloody Sunday What Happened: Civil rights activists were beaten and tear-gassed by law enforcement during a peaceful voting rights march.Date: March 7, 1965Location: Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, Alabama How Voter Suppression Led Activists to March During Jim Crow, African Americans in Southern states faced severe voter suppression. In order to exercise their right to vote, a black person may have been required to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test; white voters didn’t face these barriers. In Selma, Alabama, the disenfranchisement of African Americans was a consistent problem. Activists involved with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee were trying to register the citys black residents to vote, but they kept running into roadblocks. When they protested the situation, they were arrested- by the thousands. Making no headway with smaller demonstrations, the activists decided to step up their efforts. In February 1965, they began a voting rights march. However, Alabama Governor George Wallace attempted to suppress the movement by prohibiting nighttime marches in Selma and elsewhere. Wallace was a politician known for being hostile to the Civil Rights Movement, but the demonstrators didn’t call off their collected action in light of his ban on nighttime marches. On February 18, 1965, a demonstration turned deadly when State Trooper James Bonard Fowler fatally shot Jimmie Lee Jackson, a civil rights activist and church deacon. Jackson was killed for intervening when police hit his mother. Losing Jackson was devastating, but his death didn’t stop the movement. Spurred by his killing, activists met and decided to march from Selma to Montgomery, the state capital. Their intention to reach the capitol building was a symbolic gesture, since it was where Gov. Wallace’s office was located. Jimmie Lee Jackson was killed by a state trooper during a voting rights march that inspired the demonstration that took place on Bloody Sunday.   Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images Selma to Montgomery March On March 7, 1965, 600 marchers began making their way from Selma to Montgomery. John Lewis and Hosea Williams led the demonstrators during this action. They called for voting rights for African Americans, but both local policemen and state troopers attacked them on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma. The authorities used billy clubs to beat the marchers and threw tear gas into the crowd. The aggression caused the marchers to retreat. But footage of the confrontation sparked outrage across the country. Many Americans did not understand why peaceful protesters were met with such hostility from law enforcement. Two days after Bloody Sunday, mass protests unfolded across the nation in solidarity with the marchers. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. led marchers on a symbolic walk across Edmund Pettus Bridge. But the violence wasn’t over. After Pastor James Reeb arrived in Selma to accompany the marchers, a mob of white men beat him so badly that he sustained life-threatening injuries. He died two days later. Two days after the events of Bloody Sunday, other demonstrators set out to make the march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama. Bettmann/Getty Images Following Reeb’s death, the U.S. Justice Department requested an order to stop the state of Alabama from retaliating against civil rights activists for participating in demonstrations. Federal District Court Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr. upheld the rights of the marchers â€Å"to petition ones government for the redress of grievances.† He explained that the law is clear that citizens have the right to protest, even in large groups. With federal troops standing guard, a group of 3,200 marchers began their walk from Selma to Montgomery on March 21. Four days later, they arrived at the state capitol in Montgomery where supporters had expanded the size of demonstrators to 25,000. The Impact of Bloody Sunday Footage of police attacking peaceful protesters shocked the country. But one of the protesters, John Lewis, went on to become a U.S. Congressman. Lewis is now considered a national hero. Lewis has discussed his role in the march and the attack on the protesters. His high-profile has kept the memory of that day alive. The march has also been reenacted several times. On the 50th anniversary of the incident that took place on March 7, 1965, President Barack Obama delivered an address on the Edmund Pettus Bridge about the horrors of Bloody Sunday and the courage of those brutalized: â€Å"We just need to open our eyes and ears, and hearts, to know that this nations racial history still casts its long shadow upon us. We know the march is not yet over, the race is not yet won, and that reaching that blessed destination where we are judged by the content of our character- requires admitting as much. President Barack Obama commemorates the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday in Selma. Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images President Obama also urged Congress to restore the Voting Rights Act, which first passed in 1965 in the wake of the national outrage about Bloody Sunday. But a 2013 Supreme Court decision, Shelby County vs. Holder, removed a major provision from the act. States with a history of racial discrimination related to voting no longer have to inform the federal government about changes they make to voting processes before enacting them. The 2016 election stood out as the first in 50 years without checks and balances in place to prevent discriminatory voting practices. A number of states have passed strict voter ID laws and other measures that disproportionately affect historically disenfranchised groups, like African Americans. And voter suppression has been cited for costing Stacey Abrams the Georgia gubernatorial race in 2018. Abrams would have been the first black woman governor of a U.S. state. Decades after Bloody Sunday occurred, voting rights remains a key issue in the United States. Sources â€Å"How We Can Restore the Voting Rights Act.† Brennan Center for Justice, 6 August, 2018. Taylor, Jessica. â€Å"Stacey Abrams Says She Was Almost Blocked From Voting in Georgia Election.† NPR, 20 November, 2018.Shelbayah, Slma, and Moni Basu. â€Å"Obama: Selma marchers gave courage to millions, inspired more change.† CNN, 7 March, 2015.

Godwins Law

Godwins Law Godwin’s Law Godwin’s Law By Maeve Maddox Mike Godwin is an American attorney and author who formulated â€Å"Godwin’s Law† in 1990 when he made the following assertion: As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1. Note: In probability theory, an event is said to never happen when its probability is 0, and to always happen when its probability is 1. Godwin’s Law, also known as â€Å"Godwin’s Law of Nazi Analogies,† is applicable to threaded online discussions in forums, chat rooms, and on blogs. The term has earned a place in the OED: Godwin’s Law: noun. A facetious aphorism maintaining that as an online debate increases in length, it becomes inevitable that someone will eventually compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis. Although coined to describe an Internet phenomenon, the term is being applied to the use of â€Å"the Nazi card† in other contexts, as in this account of Ted Cruz’s filibuster to delay a vote on the Affordable Care Act: In the course of the afternoon wegot some Nazi analogies, just proving that Godwin’s Law holds for filibusters as for online discussion. and in this blog: And it’s not only online discussions that prove Godwin’s Law, I remember sitting at lunch with a construction crew when one of the carpenters brought up my work in the pro-life movement: â€Å"Yep, tea-baggers are always telling people how to live, just like the Nazis.† Clashdaily A complaint by many forum users is that the so-called law is stifling discussion. One commenter invokes a Nazi analogy and another crows, â€Å"You said Hitler, so I win!† At that point, the discussion ends. The term has spawned a verb, â€Å"to Godwin,† as in, â€Å"You Godwined this discussion!† The invocation of Godwin’s Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion. Here are some complaints voiced by forum users: It seems like Godwins law is becoming a real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet. Whenever Hitler, Nazis, or the Holocaust are brought up in a discussion, the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is derided. This wouldnt be a problem if it was just people injecting these things into seemingly unrelated topics, but people invoke Godwins law even when the Hitler/Nazi/Holocaust mention is relevant to the topic at hand. forum user Before I get started Im aware that originally â€Å"Godwins Law† didnt carry the now common meaning of You said Hitler, So I Win! that so many people seem to think it means. forum user Nazism is a cultural meme that encapsulates not just the notion of political authoritarianism, but of the worst possible human behavior towards other human beings. Note: In a theory of mental content called memetics, a meme is analogous to a gene in the theory of evolution. A meme represents a unit of culture (idea, belief, pattern of behavior) that travels from mind to mind. Perhaps Nazi analogies are best reserved for discussions of the dehumanization and inhumane treatment of large numbers of human beings. If the intention is to compare one form of authoritarianism to another, without the connotation of racism or genocide, perhaps one of the following word choices would meet the need: fascism: any form of right-wing authoritarianism. totalitarianism: Totalitarian theory and practice; the advocacy of totalitarian government. Also loosely, authoritarianism dictatorship: A system of government by the absolute rule of a single individual; despotism: The rule of a despot; despotic government; the exercise of absolute authority. autocracy: (A system of) government by one person with absolute power; a state, society, etc. governed in this way. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid"Latter," not "Ladder"20 Ways to Laugh

What do you want to achieve as an employment intern with caesars Essay

What do you want to achieve as an employment intern with caesars entertainment - Essay Example The company would help me in building an exceptional verbal and written communication skill-set, providing me with ability to communicate efficiently with people around work. I believe at Caesar’s I would learn how the casino industry works and over time I would be able to help the company with my valuable advice regarding business development. By working with this company I want to become a responsible employee, more career-oriented and eager to learn new about various technologies at work in the industry. While at Caesar’s I also hope to master the art of loyalty and customer retention as I believe it is essential in building my career as I go forward with it (Spring Employment Internship Unpaid (BLV) in Las Vegas Nevada United States, 2014). Spring Employment Internship Unpaid (BLV) in Las Vegas Nevada United States. (2014). Retrieved January 7, 2015, from Caesar Entertainment:

Job Opportunities for International Students Assignment

Job Opportunities for International Students - Assignment Example We need to improve this problem for international students in order to protect their professional lives. Problem The problem is that a huge number of International students come to the US to get educated in various fields, but when it comes to getting jobs in the US, they face huge problems, ranging from Visa issues to nationality. Putting it in easy words; to get job in the US, one has to have the green card. If International students don’t have the citizenship, they will most probably go back home and get on with their lives, against their will. This paper is an effort to highlight these issues and propose solution to it. Who knows, this effort might ring a bell in someone somewhere and easy visa policy or some immigration law would change the fate of thousands of international students and million more to come in the future. Purpose The main purpose is to highlight the issue of job opportunities for international students in the US, the other purpose is to convince the OCS officials to take appropriate action in this matter. Primary Audience Officials of the Office Career Services constitute the primary audience of this paper, although anyone that has a stake in the matter stated above is in the audience. But OCS officials are certainly in a position to take action and can contribute immensely to the solution of the problem. Secondary Audience; People/Organizations that can play a part US Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) is the one that makes rules that govern hiring in the US of non-US citizens (Uscis.gov), and that makes them the other party that needs to be included in the paper. Whatever decision the authorities make regarding employment of international students in the US, USCIS will play a crucial role in it. EducationUSA is also another party that can impact the outcome to this problem. As the U.S. higher education community works together with EducationUSA to draw qualified international students to U.S. campuses (educationusa.info) , they can help develop such study programs that are more feasible to authorities such as USCIS when giving work permit or giving slack in visa restrictions. The other party will be the students. It only makes sense that whatever the OCS authorities will come up with, international students need to cooperate to make it work, and that makes them the secondary audience. Directly Affected The International students studying in the US and planning to hunt down job opportunities and avail them here in the United States will be directly affected by the ideas. The students who want to stay in North America and apply the knowledge they have been learning in the Universities. It won’t be stretching the notion too far, if I have to say that society on the whole will benefit from policy amendments. Many economists believe that the resources need to be put to the best of their use, and that is precisely what I am striving for in this reflection. What makes me suitable for this research? I cannot think of a more suited word than ‘victim’ for the position I find myself in, which puts me in the position to research and propose in this matter. I am a senior at UMD and I do not see any major job opportunity for me

The Requisite Factors to Successful Team Buildup Research Paper

The Requisite Factors to Successful Team Buildup - Research Paper Example The goal of teams should be to share knowledge and other pertinent information in a free manner, to learn from each other, to assist each other in the completion of mutual jobs, to assist each other in the breaking of bottlenecks that are unexpected when they occur, to flexibly shift workloads and to share the resources at their disposal. All these expectations can be summed up by simply saying that collaboration yields the best results in teams. Team members should be in a position to say that they â€Å"swim and sink† together, desire for the success of each other and consider their goals as being common (Bayazit & Mannix, 2003). The starting point in order to achieve the set objectives is the support from the executive. The most senior educator ´s policy is the one that is reflected in the everyday performance by the teams. Research has shown that teams usually perform to the best of their abilities following their executives ´ investment in support of social relationsh ips, the creation of gift culture, demonstration of collaborative behaviour within themselves and in the interaction with employees (Shadur, 1999). Interaction perhaps is the most crucial as employees will view it as a gift in itself and will treasure it hence acting as a motivator. The investment in signature relationships among employees and subordinates can be in a variety of ways equally effective and unique to the setup they are being invested in. For example, having a single staffroom where teachers have cubicles can assist in the creation of a community sense compared to having individual offices for teachers.

Fall of late Qing dynasty- challenges from the West Essay

Fall of late Qing dynasty- challenges from the West - Essay Example These activities drew European countries that were exceedingly eager to connect with the wealthy China that ruled the continent and the seas. However, several factors arose in the 1800s that made the dynasty lose its global economic leadership. The country was hit by social turmoil, economic fracturing, and European imperialism. In this paper, I will outline the factors that made the Qing Empire collapse. Supremacy of the Qing Dynasty Qing dynasty was one of the greatest empires during the early-modern period. It existed at the same period with other empires such as Mugal Empire, ottoman, Austria-Hungary, and Russian empire (Ma, 30). The Qing Empire was the first to fall among the superior empires at the time. The empire was beset by a struggle between westerners and traditionalists during the nineteenth century. The modernizing party introduced nationalism in china as it did in Russia and Turkey. The party argued that imperialism was obsolete and obstructed the national sensibility of the majorities. The concept of nationalism had been drawn from the historical output, legal structure, and the educational system. Han Chinese, Mongols, Manchus, and Tibetans drew upon the imperial legacy to establish clear ideas of their language, religions, and aristocratic traditions (Ma, 31). This strengthened the nationalist idealism that championed for equal representation of the majority in the dynasty. This opened the avenue for encroachment by western countries. Imperial encroachment and nationalistic movements were significant in weakening the unity of the empire even before the Chinese revolt broke out in October 1911 (Ma, 35). The Qing Empire had suffered a dramatic loss of some of its territory to imperial powers. One of the losses was the Qing northern pacific coast that ceded to Russia through a treaty in 1860. The region is currently known as the Russian maritime province. Russia ceased another part of the Qing Empire in 1871 when it took over East Turkestan. Tibe t followed suit when it was invaded by Britain in 1904. Britain and Tibet signed a short lived treaty and Qing paid indemnity to Britain in 1906. This brought an international consensus that forbade Britain and Tibet from signing treaties directly. However, Britain continues with their support for Tibet nationalists, which led to the 1906 Tibet independence. Mongolia followed suit and became independent in 1921 putting an end to the Outer Mongolia region of the Qing Empire. China’s civil war in the nineteenth century is not sufficiently treated as modern warfare compared to the American civil war or the Indian rebellion of 1857 (Ma, 40). The Taiping war of 1850-1864 was the bloodiest conflict during the revolution and remains to be the bloodiest conflict in history. The war caused fatalities of between 25 to 40 million people and the majorities were civilians. There were months of siege war and starvation was used as a weapon on both sides. The Taiping created a base and a bu reaucratic government at Nanjing, an area that experienced the longest siege. Europe and America were attracted to the conflict due to the proclaimed Christianity by Taiping. However, the Qing Empire was economically stable, and western powers opted to support them against Taiping by providing military support. Contribution of foreign Nations Western powers sent troops and mercenaries to Qing Empire to suppress the Taiping. By 1860, several British

Nonconsequentialist Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nonconsequentialist Theories - Essay Example The essay "Nonconsequentialist Theories" talks about the Non Consequentialist theories that state that consequences should not find their way into our moral judgments. It means that actions are to be judged good or right in line with other criteria i.e. divine command or intuitions. They are categorized as; Act non-consequential theories and Rule non-consequentialist theories.Rule Non-Consequentialist theories are of the idea that blanket rules should be employed to govern the society since they will introduce a greater good. One of the major examples in Rule Non-Consequential theory is the divine command theory that claims that our only source of morality or moral authority is from a higher source, a spiritual deity like God. On the real world, an example is the adherers of the Catholic Church. Many of these followers base their moral values on what is written in the Bible. They believe whatever the scripture says or its interpretation by the church leaders to be moral. Two examples are the Catholic Church’s opposition to birth control and homosexuality. These stands would never be agreed upon by secular reasoning alone, it takes religion. Act Non-Consequentialist Theories are of the idea that we should not employ general or blanket rules but act on a case by case basis. The theory states that only individual acts and situations count morally. The theory is against generalization since every situation is different. They are based on emotions and intuitions to be able to come up with moral conclusions.

Mentoring as Part of Professional Development Essay

Mentoring as Part of Professional Development - Essay Example This essay discusses that within the professional development domains, mentoring works at producing magnanimous effects for the people who want to bring about a positive change within their working ideologies. If the aim is to set things in a corrective fashion, mentoring is the path that shall take one towards that. However, it comes with its own disparities. One such is the manner in which the mentoring is being undertaken. The professional development requires of the organizations to embed mentoring as a vital ingredient because it embodies the basis of success that any enterprise or corporate entity can achieve with the passage of time. It will also dictate how well the organization has been able to showcase its professionals and how these individuals have been shaped up to meet the desired goals and expectations which were of them in the first place. The mentoring role is such an important one that it has been talked about in different circles time and time again. The ones who p erform the art of mentoring are taken in a good stead and given the respect that they richly deserve. This is the reason why the mentor is seen as someone whom people look up to for help and assistance, and who brings with him a significant amount of experience and knowledge. The mentor is therefore given respect for what she does and how she is able to garner support from the people who believe in his mentoring. He is usually the one people look up to and seeks help in terms of their respective needs and requirements. The organizations have also started to branch out to such mentors because they know that these will bring in help for the employees and workers. These are in the form of counselors who are doing their best to bring sanity within the ranks of the employees and give them the help that they direly require. However, professional development can only come about when there are concerted efforts to do things right on the part of the person who is bringing that change within his own entirety. It just cannot happen overnight and the mentor can help only to a certain level. This is the basis of understanding how mentoring is and what roles are required for mentoring in the related settings. If such comprehensions are reached upon easily, there would be success for all and sundry, and the professional developments would be handled in an amicable way. What is Mentoring? Mentoring is defined as the formal or informal relationship between two people where one is a senior and another, a junior. It involves communication and is based on the premise of having a relationship – formal or informal. It is based on the personal developmental relationship perspective where an experienced or more knowledgeable person holds the torch for the one who is not that skilled and has little or less experience and knowledge. Since mentoring involves some form of empathy within the individual who is mentoring, it is the duty of the person who is being mentored that he lis tens and adapts to what the mentor has to say. It will then create a situation where both the mentor and the mentee are on the same page, and the process of mentoring will come about in full circle. This is so required because if the mentor and th

Fall of late Qing dynasty- challenges from the West Essay

Fall of late Qing dynasty- challenges from the West - Essay Example These activities drew European countries that were exceedingly eager to connect with the wealthy China that ruled the continent and the seas. However, several factors arose in the 1800s that made the dynasty lose its global economic leadership. The country was hit by social turmoil, economic fracturing, and European imperialism. In this paper, I will outline the factors that made the Qing Empire collapse. Supremacy of the Qing Dynasty Qing dynasty was one of the greatest empires during the early-modern period. It existed at the same period with other empires such as Mugal Empire, ottoman, Austria-Hungary, and Russian empire (Ma, 30). The Qing Empire was the first to fall among the superior empires at the time. The empire was beset by a struggle between westerners and traditionalists during the nineteenth century. The modernizing party introduced nationalism in china as it did in Russia and Turkey. The party argued that imperialism was obsolete and obstructed the national sensibility of the majorities. The concept of nationalism had been drawn from the historical output, legal structure, and the educational system. Han Chinese, Mongols, Manchus, and Tibetans drew upon the imperial legacy to establish clear ideas of their language, religions, and aristocratic traditions (Ma, 31). This strengthened the nationalist idealism that championed for equal representation of the majority in the dynasty. This opened the avenue for encroachment by western countries. Imperial encroachment and nationalistic movements were significant in weakening the unity of the empire even before the Chinese revolt broke out in October 1911 (Ma, 35). The Qing Empire had suffered a dramatic loss of some of its territory to imperial powers. One of the losses was the Qing northern pacific coast that ceded to Russia through a treaty in 1860. The region is currently known as the Russian maritime province. Russia ceased another part of the Qing Empire in 1871 when it took over East Turkestan. Tibe t followed suit when it was invaded by Britain in 1904. Britain and Tibet signed a short lived treaty and Qing paid indemnity to Britain in 1906. This brought an international consensus that forbade Britain and Tibet from signing treaties directly. However, Britain continues with their support for Tibet nationalists, which led to the 1906 Tibet independence. Mongolia followed suit and became independent in 1921 putting an end to the Outer Mongolia region of the Qing Empire. China’s civil war in the nineteenth century is not sufficiently treated as modern warfare compared to the American civil war or the Indian rebellion of 1857 (Ma, 40). The Taiping war of 1850-1864 was the bloodiest conflict during the revolution and remains to be the bloodiest conflict in history. The war caused fatalities of between 25 to 40 million people and the majorities were civilians. There were months of siege war and starvation was used as a weapon on both sides. The Taiping created a base and a bu reaucratic government at Nanjing, an area that experienced the longest siege. Europe and America were attracted to the conflict due to the proclaimed Christianity by Taiping. However, the Qing Empire was economically stable, and western powers opted to support them against Taiping by providing military support. Contribution of foreign Nations Western powers sent troops and mercenaries to Qing Empire to suppress the Taiping. By 1860, several British

Mentoring as Part of Professional Development Essay

Mentoring as Part of Professional Development - Essay Example This essay discusses that within the professional development domains, mentoring works at producing magnanimous effects for the people who want to bring about a positive change within their working ideologies. If the aim is to set things in a corrective fashion, mentoring is the path that shall take one towards that. However, it comes with its own disparities. One such is the manner in which the mentoring is being undertaken. The professional development requires of the organizations to embed mentoring as a vital ingredient because it embodies the basis of success that any enterprise or corporate entity can achieve with the passage of time. It will also dictate how well the organization has been able to showcase its professionals and how these individuals have been shaped up to meet the desired goals and expectations which were of them in the first place. The mentoring role is such an important one that it has been talked about in different circles time and time again. The ones who p erform the art of mentoring are taken in a good stead and given the respect that they richly deserve. This is the reason why the mentor is seen as someone whom people look up to for help and assistance, and who brings with him a significant amount of experience and knowledge. The mentor is therefore given respect for what she does and how she is able to garner support from the people who believe in his mentoring. He is usually the one people look up to and seeks help in terms of their respective needs and requirements. The organizations have also started to branch out to such mentors because they know that these will bring in help for the employees and workers. These are in the form of counselors who are doing their best to bring sanity within the ranks of the employees and give them the help that they direly require. However, professional development can only come about when there are concerted efforts to do things right on the part of the person who is bringing that change within his own entirety. It just cannot happen overnight and the mentor can help only to a certain level. This is the basis of understanding how mentoring is and what roles are required for mentoring in the related settings. If such comprehensions are reached upon easily, there would be success for all and sundry, and the professional developments would be handled in an amicable way. What is Mentoring? Mentoring is defined as the formal or informal relationship between two people where one is a senior and another, a junior. It involves communication and is based on the premise of having a relationship – formal or informal. It is based on the personal developmental relationship perspective where an experienced or more knowledgeable person holds the torch for the one who is not that skilled and has little or less experience and knowledge. Since mentoring involves some form of empathy within the individual who is mentoring, it is the duty of the person who is being mentored that he lis tens and adapts to what the mentor has to say. It will then create a situation where both the mentor and the mentee are on the same page, and the process of mentoring will come about in full circle. This is so required because if the mentor and th

Nothing but the Truth Essay Example for Free

Nothing but the Truth Essay In Avis book, Nothing But the Truth, there is a quote from a Shakespearian play. Brutus says, No Cassius; for the eye sees not itself/But by reflection, by some other things. I think that in deeper terms, this means that a person cannot see how he or she acts unless someone acts the same way or describes it to them. This quote can be applied to the story because Philip Malloy, the main character cannot see himself clearly. In that way, I am like Philip Malloy. I have no perception of whether my actions have positive or negatives effects and always assume that I am right. In the story, Philip blames his Language Arts teacher for not teaching well and being uptight. He claims that she is the only reason that he does not have a passing grade in that class and therefore the reason that he cannot be on the track team. My opinion is that Philip does not even consider the possibility that he may be part of the problem. I think that if only Philip would try a little harder in Miss Narwins Language Arts class, he would be able to pass. The problem is, Philip is extremely stubborn and insists on believing that his teacher likes picking on him. He refuses to even try to even think about Miss Narwins side of the story. Miss Narwin, in Principal Doanes opinion is one of the best teachers at their school. Miss Narwin, however, thinks that her methods are too old-fashioned and wants to attend a workshop on new approaches to teach literature to students. Her request is turned down and she isnt very happy about that. I think that Miss Narwins desire to take this workshop has a little bit to do with Philip. She knows that Philip has great potential to learn and wants to find a way to connect with him. In what Philip sees as Miss Narwin picking on him is actually an attempt to get him to do better. Sometimes I do not see things clearly either. I have a one track mind. I think that everything I do is right and it is in that way that I am like Philip. When I am wrong, I do not see why and I get frustrated and angry. When this happens I blame it on another person. I do not think about whether there might be another side to the problem or not. To me, there is just no question of me being the cause of the trouble. But if someone would explain to me nicely and clearly, I am usually able to see the logic. In summary, the quote that is on page forty-eight of Avis book, Nothing But the Truth fits with the story nicely. The quote basically says that people need someone to tell them that not everything they do is right and that they may be the ones that are the problem. I am like that too, but as long as someone is there to help me, I will be able to understand.

Stages Of A Typical Performance Management System Management Essay

Stages Of A Typical Performance Management System Management Essay Performance can be defined as the end result of an activity. A performance management system therefore is defined as a process of establishing performance standards and evaluating performance in order to arrive at objective human resource decisions as well as to provide documentation to support those decisions. (Stephen P. Robbins, 2005, p. 296) A good performance management system is essential for Interact to be able to manage the dwindling individual performance. To develop a good system Interact will need to consider the three main aspects of managing individual performance, these include: planning performance, delivering and monitoring and formal assessment and reward. These are well illustrated in the performance cycle as illustrated by figure 1 below Figure 1 Stages of a typical performance management system Source: (Derek Torrington, p. 263) The first key aspect of managing individual performance is the planning performance stage. This is where a manager at interact sits down with his subject and they collaboratively set individual objectives originally obtained from team objectives and the agreed job description. These objectives are designed in a way that they also offer potential development as well as fulfilling the general organisations general objectives. They should also include measures of how they can be assessed. One common approach managers use in setting these objectives is with the SMART acronym. This suggests that the objectives set should be Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Relevant and Timed. A good example of a good objective for an employee working in the component development department could be: To develop a new mobile phone component by March 2010 (started in January 2010) It is important that managers do not forget to plan for the support, development and resources necessary for the employee to be able to accomplish the objectives. The second key aspect is the delivering and monitoring performance stage. As the interact employee sets about to achieve the performance agreed, the manger should ensure that he is available at all times so that the employee can consult him/her at any moment when needed. There may be some unpredicted hindrances towards the achievement of performance and in some instances targets may have to be revised. Ongoing coaching is important whereby the manager can guide the employees through discussion and providing constructive feedback. Continuous informal reviews held between the employee and his manager should be carried out so as to ensure that work is going as agreed and whether the agreed performance will be attainable by the agreed dates. Objectives signed off as complete and recognition of work done so far help to act as motivation for the employee in the future for other objectives yet to be completed. The last key aspect of the performance cycle is the formal assessment and reward stage. This stage involves regular reviews of the development of the objectives and to motivate the employee. Annual reviews are also necessary in this stage whereby what has been achieved is compared with what had been set to be achieved which may affect pay and salary increments. Interact managers should take note that employees see reviews as fair only if the targets set are achievable and judgements were seen to be consistent throughout the organisation. Different styles of appraising employees could be adopted in order to make the best assessment but a popular and widely used approach is the problem solving style which is one of the styles developed by the American psychologist, Norman Maier. This approach suggests that The appraiser starts the interview by encouraging the employee to identify and discuss problem areas and then consider solutions. The employee therefore plays an active part in analysing problems and suggesting solutions, and then evaluation of performance emergence from the discussion at the appraisal interview, instead of being imposed by the appraiser upon the employee. (Anderson, 1993, p. 102). However, it should be taken note that this style works best if the employees are ready for it and the mangers are willing to behave in this way which is not always the case. After the reviews have been conducted and achievement of tasks has been high, reward is necessary. Most management systems include pay in the reward package but ongoing research has shown that element of pay had very little effect in the motivation of employees. Other forms of reward other than monetary such as promotion and offering of individual development opportunities are found to be more motivating to employees. In order for the successful implementation of a performance management system, line managers who are closer to the employees need to be included in the Human Resource team when designing the system. Training of the line managers is essential before and during the introduction of the system. Task 2 Learning can be defined as the process of acquiring knowledge. Learning and development is an essential part in keeping the performance of Interacts employees up to standard. Currently, there have been issues and complains from the employees about the quality of training being offered, and the lack of enough training to keep the component developers up to date with emerging technologies. This is a serious problem for interact being the fact that it is operating in an industry that requires a high degree of innovation and creativity. It indicates the need for an effective people development strategy. A good approach that could be used to establish an effective people development strategy would be the systematic training cycle. This cycle includes for steps that are; identifying training needs, designing development activity, carrying out development and evaluating development. This can be illustrated by the diagram below. Environment Business strategy People development strategy Figure 2 A systematic model of learning and training Source: (Derek Torrington, p. 391) Considering figure 2, the first step in the model is identifying training and learning needs. Before any activity can commence, interact managers should take note that identifying these needs should not be the sole role of the human resource team but should be a process that involves the employees too. Employees about to receive training should not be considered as subjects but as participants of the scheme. Interact managers should also take note that modern day effective training requires not only a focus on development of technical skills alone but also personal skills, attitudes and self-management therefore broadening the needs scope. One approach that interact managers could use to identify the training and learning needs is the problem centred approach. This approach analyses whether there are any performance problems and analyses whether they are caused by lack of skill and if so, which. The gap between expected performance and actual performance is the one that helps to bring about the training need. For example, an identified problem with interact is that the component developers are not up to date with new technological development therefore the training need would be to continuously keep the developers up to date. After training needs have been identified, the next step will be designing the development activity. There various methods of learning and development that Interact managers could use such as; education and training courses (off job), manager coaching and teaching, self development groups and open and distance learning. (On job). The next step is carrying out the development activity. For education and training courses, Interact managers could use the consultancy courses. They could range from one day to several weeks in some cases. These have the advantage that they enable employees from various organisations to meet and share their experiences. In order to be very effective, they should concentrate on specific skills of knowledge, such as being introduced to new technological developments. Management should take note that these courses are usually expensive despite the fact that they are of short duration. There is a big challenge that Interact managers should be prepared to face and that is the ensuring of the transfer of what the employees have learnt back to the organisation. To counteract this problem, managers could set goals for implementing new skills once the employees return from training. In case the Interact management decide to use on job training methods take manager coaching and teaching as an example, the line manager will act as a mentor or coach for the trainees involved. He will provide feedback, counselling, encouragement discussion and sincere feedback. Management should however take note that not all line managers can provide effective coaching, as it requires good interpersonal skills and commitment from the manager to accept the coaching role. Interact management could also support the use of self development groups whereby informal groups formed by employees come together and discuss organisational issues, personal development and individual work problems. The group should however be headed by an experienced leader who plays the role of a facilitator and to some extent, a source of information. This group leader could drop off as the group matures. Such a method of learning and development requires a high level of commitment from the group members and a close follow up on the side of management. The final step in the learning cycle is the evaluating development stage. While evaluating development, changes in skills, knowledge, behaviour and attitudes need to be considered. However, research has proved that it is actually very difficult to asses some aspects of learning or training that have been carried out such as changes in attitudes and behaviour. A post course questionnaire could be issued out to the trainees but this usually tends to evaluate the course and not the training. Evaluation could also be carried out by setting up goals basing on what the individuals have learnt during training and the extent to which the employees meet these goals would indicate how effective the training had been. It is recommended that managers should keep on evaluating the trainees continuously from the beginning as they attend the training courses and not to pin the evaluation process at the end of the course. Task 3 Leadership can be defined as the Process in which an individual influences other group members towards the attainment of group or organisational goals. (Shackleton, 1995, p. 2) There is a close link between leadership and motivation and performance implying that the leadership style being used may have either positive or negative impacts on these. Due to the recession, Interact adopted a rather autocratic approach and have become more task focused. An autocratic leader is a leader who tends to centralise authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions and limit employee participation. (Stephen p. Robbins, 2005, p. 593) The advantage of such a style is that it leads to quick decision making and work getting done on time. However, there are various negative impacts Interact could face as result of applying such a leadership style. To start with, according to Vrooms expectancy theory which says that An individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. (Stephen p. Robbins, 2005, p. 405), we can see that expectancy has an impact on motivation. Therefore not expecting employees to perform unless they are directed to will only cause them to behave in that way leading to demotivation and poor performance. Also using Maslows hierarchy of needs, the need for affiliation could be a motivational factor. Therefore not involving employees in the decision making process and centralising authority only makes the employees feel alienated and thus end up feeling demotivated. The autocratic style of leadership also fails to recognise that social needs are a motivational factor for employees. Maslow recognised the need for affiliation as an important attribute in human motivation therefore making decisions or planning activities while excluding those who are going to be affected may demotivate them. Autocratic leadership also makes the employees feel that the organisation does not trust them enough to make wise decisions for the good of the organisation. This demotivates them and makes them feel like they are not a part of the organisation or not responsible enough. As a result of being very task oriented, such as style does not have much concern for the needs of their subordinates. This is clearly indicated by the lack of a sound human resource function and the fact that the Interact management has so far refused to meet with the group of employee representatives who are trying to voice employee concerns. This has led to feelings of resentment, alienation and a drop in performance levels. In conclusion, the autocratic style of leadership has a rather more negative impact than positive effects, but this is not to say that Interact should not apply it, rather they could blend it in with other styles of leadership. Using the managerial grid designed by Blake and Mouton, THE MANAGERIAL GRID High concern for people Low concern for production Country Club management High concern for people High concern for production Team management Low concern for people Low concern for production Impoverished management Low concern for people High concern for production Authority-compliance management High People Low Production High The managerial grid Source: (Derek Torrington, p. 304) Most managers agree that the best leadership style would be the team management which has both high concerns for people and production but there is a new approach that suggests that the best style is to use all these four styles together basing on different times and different situations. Task 4 The complaints voiced by employees over the need to work harder and longer to keep their jobs and increased levels of stress are a sign that the quality of the working life at Interact is deteriorating. Work-life balance is very important as it keeps the employees happy and contented with their jobs therefore reducing absenteeism and turnover. There are a number of practices that management at Interact could implement so as to improve the situation. To begin with, offering the employees flexible working hours would greatly help employees who need more time outside the job. Allowing female workers to have their maternity leaves also enables to keep the employees happy with their current jobs. The Interact management can also train their line managers to deal with employee stress. The line managers should encourage the employees to talk and voice out what is truly getting them stressed up. An increased level of stress at work is a total wake up call that Interact needs to change its style of leadership and control. Not allowing employees to freely raise their voices over the different issues in the organisation and refusing to recognise their representative group only makes them feel unappreciated and demoralised. Interact could also reorganise their working practices such that the workers could get work done without having to spend extra long hours to work while maintaining the same quality of performance. The amount of days employees can get in their leaves should be adequate giving employees enough time to rest and relax so that they can return to work revitalised. For those workers who may not be able to get to work but and yet their jobs do not demand their physical presence at the premises, interact could offer them alternatives of working at home. This will help to boost performance while at the same time saving valuable time lost when the work is not done at all. In case workers are having to work overtime, Interact should devise a payment scheme that covers these extra hours in a manner that is of mutual benefit with the employees. Interact could even go to the extent of ensuring that maternity pay is reasonable and comfortable for the employees. This will make them return to work much more happily and boost their attachment to the company. For those in areas where the work demands them to do the same routine job everyday, Interact management could introduce rotation where other employees doing other routine work could be set up to be exchanging activities so as to prevent them from getting bored. However there are some limitations that Interact should take note about work-life balance policies. For example, some policies such as maternity pay only target the female employees therefore bringing about a feeling of neglect with the other employees. Another problem is the fact that some policies may actually be put in place and yet employees may not take them up and use them. Task 5 Absenteeism can be defined as the To tackle this problem, Managers at Interact need to set up a procedure to solve the absenteeism problem. The process could involve the following steps; Identify the absence problem Locate the absence problem Identify and prioritize the cause of absence Evaluate the current control method Design the absence control program Implement the absence control program Monitor the effectiveness of the program The first step of solving the absenteeism problem is assessing it. Interact could do this by collecting statistical data about thee current absence levels. This can be done by gathering information on how many people did not come in to work for a certain period of time. After the pattern has been identified, the next step is to locate the absence problem. This is done by using collected data to find out which specific departments had the highest levels of absentees for the period. The next step is to identify the cause of absence in the departments selected. An autocratic leadership style of the line managers in Interact, longer working hours, low levels of responsibility and decision making could result into dissatisfaction with the job situation therefore leading to a rise in absence levels. Evaluating the current absence control method is what follows after the causes of absence have been identified. During evaluation, Interact should be able to see the weaknesses of the current control program and why it is failing to work effectively. After evaluation, Interact should design a new control program that tackles the problem. There are a few recommendations of measures that could be put in place to help reduce the problem, First of all, I would recommend to Interact that they should try and maintain continuous contact with the employees who are absent from work. This is known to greatly reduce the length of absence and shows the employee that the organisation in concerned about the well being of its people. One visit a month by the line manager of the employee could be effective. Another useful activity that interact could do to manage absence is to include attendance levels in the performance review at the end of the year. Having high levels of absence during the year would be considered as underperformance in the review. I would also recommend that the line managers undergo training so as to ensure that the absence procedures are effectively carried out. Proper training on how to handle employees who are frequently absent could greatly reduce the absence levels. A deep understanding of the causes of absence would enable Interact to be able to tackle the absenteeism problem. Known causes of absenteeism at Interact include, employees working longer hours and increased levels of stress. When trying to identify the problems, management should not only consider what the absentees have filed as the reason for their absence as research has shown that they tend to write excuses that appear valid to the organisation. Interact should build a culture of trust with its employees such that they can get them to explain the real causes of absence and thus they can respond to them effectively. The last step after the absence control program has been designed is to implement it while continuously monitoring it by collecting statistical data to observe whether the absence levels are falling or not. If it is not effective then Interact have to find out why, make the necessary corrections and continue with it Task 6 Employee turnover is the rate at which employees voluntarily leave their jobs. At interact, the level of employee turnover has been relatively high. Collecting information on staff turnover is quite difficult to collect though one best approach could be by using exit interviews. However, there are some major reasons why staff could be leaving interact. Push factors One reason why Interact employees could be leaving their jobs is because of Push factors. This concept suggests poor working conditions, people development strategy, dissatisfaction with company policies, negative effects of autocratic leadership style, job insecurity among others to be the cause of forcing people to leave the organisation. In other words, Interact is pushing away its employees by failing to provide a good organisational and working environment to keep the employees satisfied. Interact could control this cause by making the organisation more employee friendly. Another reason why employees could be leaving Interact is because of pull factors. This concept implies that rival employers in the telephone component manufacturing industry are pulling Interact employees towards them. This could be because they are paying higher salaries, offering better benefit packages, training opportunities or they have more attractive working environments. The best way Interact could reduce turnover caused by this way is by first of all analysing what other organisations in the industry are offering that is making them more attractive and therefore making sure they can level up. Another approach is by identifying unique selling points offered by Interact that other organisations dont have and communicating them to staff. Employees could also be leaving Interact as a result of functional turnover. This is a situation where employee resignations are accepted by both Interact and the employee involved. This could be because of failure of the employee to conform with the organisational culture or as a result of continuous poor performance. The best way to handle turnover caused in this way is by improving the recruitment process so as to avoid such people in the first place. Outside factors could also be making employees leave Interact. These are reasons that have nothing to do with the job. They could be leaving because their partners are leaving the city, personal desire for self employment. In this situation, there is nothing much that Interact could do to stop these kinds of employees from leaving the organisation as it is beyond their control. The rate of employee turnover at Interact could be greatly reduced by putting in place certain strategies so as to manage the turnover rates. Firstly one tool that Interact could use is pay. Research has shown that organisations offering higher salaries appear more attractive than those with less. However, pay alone may not be enough to keep the employees from leaving. It should be combined with other benefits such as holidays, healthcare offers and staff discounts. The best approach in offering such benefits is by letting the employees pick benefits that they prefer as different employees may be interested in different packages. Another tool that Interact could use to help reduce turnover rates is putting in place family friendly Human Resource practices. Considering the fact that many people leave work due to family and personal reasons giving employees more time to spend with their families through holiday packages, flexible working hours and a well paid maternity leave may greatly help to reduce the rates. Improving the quality of line management may also help to reduce the turnover rates as these managers play a critical role in employee relations. To ensure that the selected line managers are effective, they should be selected basing on their supervisory capabilities, undergo training and appraised on their supervisory skills. Finally induction is also known to help in reducing early staff turnover rates as it helps to fit the employee into the organisation and defines his/her role in it. Organisational induction could be done by the Human resource department and may include a presentation on health and safety regulations and fire evacuation procedures. This type of induction could last a few days. The other type of induction is the job-based induction. This usually takes longer and is mostly carried out by the immediate line manager and in the background, fellow employees and includes activities like getting to know the organisation culture, how work is done and what is expected of him/her. Managing employee expectations from the beginning could also play a crucial role in reducing the turnover rates. This is done by letting the employee know exactly what to expect from his job right at the start of his/her career so that they are more prepared when they face the challenges. Challenges could include time pressures etc